Introduction The Subway, a vital component of urban transport systems, is essential for alleviating traffic congestion and promoting economic growth. With more cities investing in subway systems to combat pollution and improve commuter efficiency, the topic remains highly relevant in today’s context. The impact of subway systems on urban mobility cannot be overstated, as they
Introduction The development and expansion of metro systems have become a critical aspect of urban planning in cities worldwide. With the increasing population density and the growing need for efficient public transport options, metros provide a fast, reliable, and sustainable solution for urban mobility. Recent events highlight how these systems are evolving to meet the